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【OG20-P789-782题】
To estimate the expansion rate of the universe is a notoriously difficult problem because there is a lack of a single yardstick that all distances can be measured by.
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分析A选项
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分析B选项
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分析C选项
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分析D选项
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分析E选项
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预约名师一对一题目解析课程全句划线，考逻辑。主干是：To estimate the rate is a problem because there is a lack of a single yardstick。逻辑是：为了估算这个rate是一个困难，因为这里缺少一个所有距离能被测量的单一的标准，逻辑有点混乱是吧，原句to estimate用的不好，直接表示一个动作开头用动名词开头即可。当前版本由 iu 更新于2020-05-07 17:39:44 感谢由 iu 对此题目的解答所做出的贡献。
B项正确，Estimating the is a problem，因为there is no single yardstick by which all distances can be measured，by which调过来就是all distances can be measured by which（which=yardstick），逻辑正确。估算宇宙的膨胀率是一个众所周知的难题，因为没有一个单一的标准可以测量所有的距离。
C项先把原因放在了前面，逗号+doing是状语，改变了句子逻辑。By后面无搭配。
D项逻辑也不对，一个困难是去估算这个rate，because的后面is lacking 后直接接by which错误，短语是be lack of。
E项逻辑同样不对，且不简洁很绕，说去估算这个rate是一个问题，because后面直接接了by no single yardstick，逻辑变为：因为靠没有一个单一的标准能测量所有距离，没有标准咋能测量距离呢？
A 没有主句
B 正确
C to Measure by 错误
D 问题是测量因为 改变原意 测量是问题因为
E because by错误
题目讨论 （10条评论）
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528893liuzu
E选项，要注意这种倒装句，介词+否定词倒装的句式，还原正常语序后否定词放在谓语前面。 Under no circumstance shall we throw litter around. —— We shall throw litter around under no circumstance.—— We shouldn’t throw litter around under any circumstance.
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2020-09-17 15:41:31
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Jennie在学习
我类比了一下A和E的区别。 “倒装+否定”让这里理解有难度。 by no single person can all the work be done overnight.————All the work can be done by no single person.————中式转述(语法不对，仅帮助理解）：All the work can't be done by a single person.————那么两个人或者更多人做就好了。 there is no single person by whom all the work be done overnight.————世界上没有这样的一个人。什么样的一个人呢？可以连夜完成所有的工作的人。 再看原文 A：there is no single yardstick by which all distances can be measured E：by no single yardstick can all distances be measured。暗示：我用两个或者再多点yardsticks就可以衡量距离了。
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2020-09-07 19:48:21
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Jennie在学习回复Jennie在学习
哎呀 打错了 是B和E的区别
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2020-09-07 19:55:03
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李小宝
真正的解題點就是在because後面的can倒裝句，還原 : all distances can be measured by no single yardstick，句意上完全相反。 B： no single yardstick BY WHICH...可以看作essential clause. 意思是“有一种yardstick不存在”。 By which修饰stick. 意思是一种特别的stick, 而不是随便什么stick. 这种stick具备一个特点： all distances can be measured. 这种yardstick 确实不存在，没毛病。 E: 倒装恢复后是： all distances can be measured by no single yardstick. 真的没有任何一种yardstick能做到吗？ 显然不对。 总而言之，B是说：有一种满足xxx的yardstick不存在。 E是说： 没有一个yardstick能做到这件事。
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2020-06-15 15:49:34
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September96
有介词的从句一般会把介词提前，比如by which会更优选，所以A,B优选B C选项to measure all distances修饰yardstick，后面多了个by表达错误 D选项从句
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2020-05-23 10:37:09
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September96回复September96
笔记 不小心点到了发表
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2020-05-23 10:37:50
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hikanai
本意是说（目前）没有统一的标准来测量，但是e的意思变成了没有统一的标准能够测量。你细品。
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2020-04-17 08:42:47
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498593xkbww
A为啥缺主语？
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2019-09-15 16:47:32
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dGee
A.缺主语 B.正确 C.逗号+doing作状语，整句话缺主语 D.lack 不能直接接by which E.because后面逻辑不对，这里By理解有歧义，可以理解为通过/靠/使用（F）
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2019-08-22 20:27:46
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小馄吞回复dGee
AC都不缺主语好吧
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2019-10-15 18:24:20
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Ambulance.
The sentence seeks to explain the difficulty of estimating the expansion rate of the universe
and uses a because-clause to present the explanation. Issues in the given sentence include the
following: is the infinitive verb form to estimate best here? And is there a more
straightforward and more readable way to express the explanation?
A. The wording with the infinitive verb form to estimate is less than ideal here (as
opposed to how to estimate, for example). The phrase there is a lack of a single
yardstick is wordy. The placement of the preposition by so far from the relative
pronoun it governs (that) is unnecessarily awkward.
B. Correct. Use of the verbal noun estimating is acceptable here. The phrase there is no
single yardstick is much more direct and readable than there is a lack of a single
yardstick. The preposition by is adjacent to which, the relative pronoun that it
governs.
C. The phrase there is a lack of a single yardstick is wordy. The placement of the
preposition by at the end of the phrase a single yardstick to measure all distances by
is unnecessarily awkward, in that it separates by from the noun that it is meant to
govern.
D. Compared with the given sentence, this sentence involves a reordering of the ideas and
a shifting of emphases in a way that is confusing. For example, is this sentence to be
understood as citing one instance of "a notoriously difficult problem"? This was not
the purpose of the given sentence. In addition, the phrase to estimate is less clear than
would be how to estimate. Finally, the wide separation of the because-clause from the
reference to difficulty produces a sentence that is unnecessarily awkward, if not
incoherent (for example, structurally it seems to make the adverbial because-clause
modify the verb estimate). Contrast this with the given sentence, where the becauseclause is placed adjacent to the phrase difficult problem.
E. The phrase to estimate is less clear than would be how to estimate. The becauseclause, which is meant to explain why estimating the expansion rate of the universe is
difficult, is too widely separated from the reference to difficulty. In the because-clause,
the inversion of the normal subject-verb order is unnecessarily awkward.
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2019-04-10 16:25:53
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EscapeFromFate
这道题的主语是to estimate the expansion rate of the universe，所以可以直接排除DE，ABC句意对比，注意“a lack of a single yardstick”，说明single yardstick是存在的，只不过是不够，而no表示压根就没有，如果只是不够不至于是notoriously difficult problem，所以必选B，上面答案用语法解题完全没搞懂考点是什么
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2019-01-18 19:09:51
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avri回复EscapeFromFate
E里的it为什么不能是是形式主语，指代to estimate the expansion rate of the universe？
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2019-08-28 16:27:26
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Richard1996
yardstick 码尺 尺度
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2018-11-29 19:52:23
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Richard1996回复Richard1996
然后从语义上面来 就很简单了
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2018-11-29 19:53:00
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Richard1996回复Richard1996
没有尺度能使所有距离能被测量 其他都翻译不对
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2018-11-29 19:57:34
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Esther666回复Richard1996
e也是这个意思啊
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2018-12-02 21:57:55
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