1076107rcav

A. To estimate the expansion rate of the universe is a notoriously difficult problem because there is a lack of a single yardstick that all distances can be measured by. --- 1. 'a lack of a single yardstick' is wordier than 'no single yardstick' in B. 2. Unidiomatic end of the sentence with a preposition.

B. Estimating the expansion rate of the universe is a notoriously difficult problem because there is no single yardstick by which all distances can be measured. --Estimating is a gerund used as part of a substantive noun phrase followed by its verb 'is.' Correct construction.

C. Because there is a lack of a single yardstick to measure all distances by, estimating the expansion rate of the universe is a notoriously difficult problem. --- 'A lack of a single yardstick' is troublesome.

D. A notoriously difficult problem is to estimate the expansion rate of the universe because a single yardstick is lacking by which all distances can be measured. --- is lacking by which' is a problem. It might mean that 'by which' modifies ' is lacking' rather than a yardstick.

E. It is a notoriously difficult problem to estimate the expansion rate of the universe because by no single yardstick can all distances be measured.--- Meaning change, The text means to say that there is no single yardstick' but E says that a single yardstick(even if present) cannot measure all distances.

1 0 回复 2022-08-30 20:15:22

Crystal8

Ving 比to do做主语更好，因为to do做主语让人觉得后面还会有其他内容来解释to do，而这个句子后面又转到另外一个思路上去了。

0 0 回复 2021-11-02 08:52:23

230235fbl

A. to do做主语，表示句子目的想要解答estimate，但后来又说解决不了。逻辑混乱。A lack of可以简化
C. A lack of可以简化
D. 用problem开头，意在定义什么才是problem，而不是estimate是个困难。语义错误。
E.because句倒置语序错，距离difficult太远了。以及to estimate应该改成how to estimate。不定式表目的。

0 0 回复 2021-10-25 09:48:45

朋友醒醒

Estimating the is a problem，因为there is no single yardstick by which all distances can be measured，by which调过来就是all distances can be measured by which（which=yardstick），逻辑正确。估算宇宙的膨胀率是一个众所周知的难题，因为没有一个单一的标准可以测量所有的距离。

0 0 回复 2021-09-13 13:12:31

朋友醒醒

先读明白原句逻辑是否合理

0 0 回复 2021-09-13 13:11:43

yield

b 我们缺少这样一个yardstick去量所有的距离
e 我们可能已经有一些yardstick了 但是挑不出任何一个来量所有距离

一道对逻辑语义的琢磨 gmat club上正确率极高 也就是说对英语母语者来说这种歧义很好判断 但是第二外语使用者就会困惑 因为e没有语法问题

1 0 回复 2021-05-18 10:50:21

。。也太难了吧

A选项错在哪里呀？to do不能开头? by 不能结尾？

0 0 回复 2021-01-18 14:36:44

528893liuzu

E选项，要注意这种倒装句，介词+否定词倒装的句式，还原正常语序后否定词放在谓语前面。
Under no circumstance shall we throw litter around. —— We shall throw litter around under no circumstance.—— We shouldn’t throw litter around under any circumstance.

0 0 回复 2020-09-17 15:41:31

Jennie在学习

我类比了一下A和E的区别。
“倒装+否定”让这里理解有难度。

by no single person can all the work be done overnight.————All the work can be done by no single person.————中式转述(语法不对，仅帮助理解）：All the work can't be done by a single person.————那么两个人或者更多人做就好了。
there is no single person by whom all the work be done overnight.————世界上没有这样的一个人。什么样的一个人呢？可以连夜完成所有的工作的人。

再看原文
A：there is no single yardstick by which all distances can be measured 
E：by no single yardstick can all distances be measured。暗示：我用两个或者再多点yardsticks就可以衡量距离了。

9 0 回复 2020-09-07 19:48:21

李小宝

真正的解題點就是在because後面的can倒裝句，還原 : all distances can be measured by no single yardstick，句意上完全相反。

B： no single yardstick BY WHICH...可以看作essential clause. 意思是“有一种yardstick不存在”。 By which修饰stick. 意思是一种特别的stick, 而不是随便什么stick.  这种stick具备一个特点： all distances can be measured.   这种yardstick 确实不存在，没毛病。
E: 倒装恢复后是： all distances can be measured by no single yardstick.  真的没有任何一种yardstick能做到吗？ 显然不对。
总而言之，B是说：有一种满足xxx的yardstick不存在。 E是说： 没有一个yardstick能做到这件事。

1 0 回复 2020-06-15 15:49:34