【OG20-P445-567题】It can be inferred from the passage that a study l_OG16_-{$seo

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Frazier and Mosteller assert that medical research could be improved by a move toward larger, simpler clinical trials of medical treatments. Currently, researchers collect far more background information on patients than is strictly required for their trials-substantially more than hospitals collect-thereby escalating costs of data collection, storage, and analysis. Although limiting information collection could increase the risk that researchers will overlook facts relevant to a study, Frazier and Mosteller contend that such risk, never entirely eliminable from research, would still be small in most studies. Only in research on entirely new treatments are new and unexpected variables likely to arise.

Frazier and Mosteller propose not only that researchers limit data collection on individual patients but also that researchers enroll more patients in clinical trials, thereby obtaining a more representative sample of the total population with the disease under study. Often researchers restrict study participation to patients who have no ailments besides those being studied. A treatment judged successful under these ideal conditions can then be evaluated under normal conditions. Broadening the range of trial participants, Frazier and Mosteller suggest, would enable researchers to evaluate a treatment's efficacy for diverse patients under various conditions and to evaluate its effectiveness for different patient subgroups. For example, the value of a treatment for a progressive disease may vary according to a patient's stage of disease. Patients' ages may also affect a treatment’s efficacy.

【OG20-P445-567题】

It can be inferred from the passage that a study limited to patients like those mentioned in highlight text would have which of the following advantages over the kind of study proposed by Frazier and Mosteller?

A

It would yield more data and its findings would be more accurate. 分析A选项
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B

It would cost less in the long term, though it would be more expensive in its initial stages. 分析B选项
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C

It would limit the number of variables researchers would need to consider when evaluating the treatment under study. 分析C选项
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D

It would help researchers to identify subgroups of patients with secondary conditions that might also be treatable. 分析D选项
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E

It would enable researchers to assess the value of an experimental treatment for the average patient. 分析E选项
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当前版本由 ya**** 更新于2015-11-09 18:01:40 感谢由 ya**** 对此题目的解答所做出的贡献。

从文中第26-30行的句子可知：F和M的方法需要研究多个病人在不同条件下的状况，以及还要考虑病人的不同分类。由此可知，其对立面，即文章第21行到第23行的研究者不用考虑如此多的变量。选择一个与此相关的选项即可
A错误，与more data无关
B错误，与cost和long term无关
C正确，与解题思路接近
D错误，文章第二段的后半部分提及了subgroup，但是与此问题无关
E错误，文中未涉及average patient

题目讨论（10条评论）

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275476gao

这里牵扯到一个很有意思的哲学观点，“头痛医头，脚痛医脚”，研究者们（老派做法）就是控制了这种变量，以一个理想（一般）的状况推广到现实（特殊）的状况之中。这种做法就是控制住了变量，利于分析。 F和M这俩人就是不同意这种老派做法（本文就是新老观点的交锋），F和M就是说要扩大样本空间，变量越多越能针对各种特殊情况，而不至于太过局限。例如疾病的不同阶段与患者年龄等。

1 0 回复 2022-06-18 19:59:40
200151otsqr

注意原句是 patients who have no ailments besides those being studied 也就是说这些病人只有研究的病，而没其他病。比如研究心脏病，就只有心脏病，没有高血糖。然后在这些理想化情境下研究的治疗方法就可以在normal conditions 下评估疗效。这里的关键其实在于优势，average patients其实是一个小点。MF提出的方法一样要在normal conditions下或者说average patient的治疗中才能证实疗效。减少变量、方便分析其实才是优点。MF的方法显然是更加复杂综合的。 2022-06-15 21:23:52

0 0 回复 2022-06-15 21:24:11
252563zwfx

E用的是average patient，即普通病人，而文中的这个研究是理想病人，可从后文中的ideal conditions里推出。然后才用到normal conditions里。

0 0 回复 2021-08-16 18:28:15
243088zbf

Researchers 的方法做研究时取的病人样本，都是只患有要研究的疾病的病人，不合并有其他疾病的病人，也就是理想型的病人，而FM所推究的病人是在患有所研究疾病的基础上还合并有其他疾病的或略有不同的病人。那researchers的方法会产生的变量比较少，F和M要研究的病人产生的变量多。

0 0 回复 2020-10-22 21:42:27
746860xgow

FM新方法的优点是various conditions= various variables而旧方法study与其相反，自然就是limit variables

2 0 回复 2020-05-21 08:47:54
170605ehvb

under normal condition不就是average patient么

3 0 回复 2020-05-21 03:14:47
252563zwfx回复170605ehvb

你看句子看跳了，后面接着的首先是under these ideal conditions，也就是理想情况下；然后才到正常普适情况下进行评估，即then be evaluated under normal conditions

0 0 回复 2021-08-16 18:29:54
小火火火箭

原文高亮部分和后面的 Broadening the range of trial participants, Frazier and Mosteller suggest, would enable researchers to evaluate a treatment's efficacy for diverse patients under various conditions and to evaluate its effectiveness for different patient subgroups.这个地方有一个转折，但是不明显，F和M的策略和大多数科学家的策略是不一样的

0 0 回复 2019-10-09 10:11:29
847716opn

定位句没有仔细理解

0 0 回复 2019-09-27 09:00:49
Yang1116

题目问的是：研究员的这种做法相比于F&M提出的观点所具有的优势；

1 0 回复 2018-10-21 00:18:51
Vera0503

这题高亮错了啊应该高亮第一段的这句话： Only in research on entirely new treatments are new and unexpected variables likely to arise.

0 0 回复 2016-10-31 14:53:45
hhwfd回复Vera0503

没高亮错啊

0 0 回复 2018-02-04 18:22:19