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In 1960’s studies of rats, scientists found that crowding increases the number of attacks among the animals significantly. But in recent experiments in which rhesus monkeys were placed in crowded conditions, although there was an increase in instances of “coping” behavior—such as submissive gestures and avoidance of dominant individuals—attacks did not become any more frequent. Therefore it is not likely that, for any species of monkey, crowding increases aggression as significantly as was seen in rats.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
分析A选项
分析B选项
分析C选项
分析D选项
分析E选项
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当前版本由 Litchichi 更新于2020-03-11 15:41:57 感谢由 Litchichi 对此题目的解答所做出的贡献。But in recent experiments in which Rhesus monkeys...Therefore it is not likely that, for any species of monkey, crowding increases aggression as significantly as was seen in rats.
看完这个结论，第一感觉是样本能否推总体,实验结果只是对某一种猴子做的，就不能说所有的种类都这样。所以加强就应该说明这个样本是能够代表总体的，和总体无差异，要么原本就是总体。削弱就该说这个样本有某某特殊性，而总体是不具备的，所以不能代表总体。
这题正确答案选C，说明这种猴子相比其他猴子更容易受刺激会攻击，这就说明它已经代表了总体中最麻烦的一种，它都没问题了，任何其他也就没问题了。
Fact: 1960 代的老鼠试验发现拥挤导致打架数量大量增加
Premise: 近期的 rhesus monkeys 的试验证明拥挤不会导致打架数量大量增加
Conclusion: 任何 monkeys 种类都不太可能出现拥挤导致暴力增加如同老鼠试验中的结果 --> 注意 rhesus monkeys 是 monkeys 种类中的一种，所以，原文是通过一类猴子来推论所有猴子的行为
Choice A: 所有能在拥挤环境中发现的 rhesus monkeys 克制行为也能在非拥挤环境中 rhesus monkeys 中发现 --> 表示克制行为与环境是否拥挤无关，试验结果不能推出所有猴子的行为，不具有代表性，错误。
Choice B: 在老鼠研究中，当处在拥挤环境中，非主导个体回避主导个体 --> 文中的老鼠研究仅作为一个参考，表明猴子也具有同样情况，但是，文中结论是针对猴子，而非老鼠，所以，选项中跟老鼠相关的内容不相干。
Choice C: 与其他猴子种类相比，让 rhesus monkeys 产生暴力行为的刺激相对更多，意思是 rhesus monkeys 更容易产生暴力行为 --> 如果连 rhesus monkeys 在拥挤环境之下都不容易产生暴力行为的，表示其他猴子种类也不会产生暴力行为。rhesus monkeys 的行为能够推出所有猴子的行为
Choice D: 与其他猴子相比，在试验中的一些个别猴子涉及到更多的打架当中。--> 文中的目的是通过个体推断总体，而 some 不属于典型，不具有代表性，不能推断总体行为。在 GMAT 中，凡是涉及 some 的选项基本都不属于正确答案。
Choice E: rhesus monkeys 展示的一些克制行为 = rhesus monkeys 用来结束一场打架的行为 --> 不相干，克制行为的目的是什么文中没有具体提及，文中关注的是猴子是否展示了克制行为，并且，这种 r monkeys 的克制行为在所有猴子种类当中是否具有代表性。
Litchichi
Fact 1: A(rat) -> B(crowd) -> C(attacks), Fact 2: D(monkey) -> B(crowd) ≠ C(attacks), Conclusion: B ≠ C. Q: strengthen ---> B ≠ C 选项 C：一般情况下，R猴子很容易受到不同因素的刺激而导致暴力行为 ---> 如果把这个选项的内容放入到文中，则形成 “即便R猴子一般情况下很暴力，但在试验中仍然表现出没有那么暴力的行为，因此，文中结论成立，而老鼠实验的结论错误。
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2020-12-21 15:02:23
223292zvpm
看似must be true 实则为assumption
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2020-04-08 09:43:24
园园爱吃肉
一定要更加敏感，对于这种做实验的题，1）样本与总体问题（样本选择问题，样本特征是否能完全代表总体特征） 2）控制变量问题（其他的变量可能在两个对照实验中不同，实验前期或者/实验当中发生变化）3）实验的结果是否存在系统性的偏差（是否具有偶然性）4）还有幸存者偏差等等问题
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2019-12-08 02:00:15
一定能考过740
一定要更加敏感，对于这种做实验的题，1）样本与总体问题（样本选择问题，样本特征是否能完全代表总体特征） 2）控制变量问题（其他的变量可能在两个对照实验中不同，实验前期或者/实验当中发生变化）3）实验的结果是否存在系统性的偏差（是否具有偶然性）4）还有幸存者偏差等等问题
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2019-03-19 22:14:51
大毛毛
c 原文讨论R猴子，结论说any species，c选项说to a wider range，可以谈论下去
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2018-11-07 18:10:18
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