题库搜索>逻辑CR-11434
In the years following an eight-cent increase in the federal tax on a pack of cigarettes, sales of cigarettes fell ten percent. In contrast, in the year prior to the tax increase, sales had fallen one percent. The volume of cigarette sales is therefore strongly related to the after-tax price of a pack of cigarettes.
The argument above requires which of the following assumptions?
分析A选项
分析B选项
分析C选项
分析D选项
分析E选项
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涨税之前销售量已经减少了--销售量跟税后价有关
A.税上升后，税前价没涨得像增税前那样高。A表达的意思就是pre-tax涨了两次，一次在涨tax前，一次在涨tax后。
第二次涨得没第一次多。 对A取非就是两次涨得一样多。不管谁多谁少，反正就是一个结果，香烟的总price上升了，顺应了结论就是sale下降。不能削弱。B.销量下降%是因为小幅增税。无关的。
C.税前价一直在下降。无关。
D.税上升后，税前价没比以前低8%那么多。D的意思就是题干的假设应为：第二年税前价的下降没有抵消税费的上涨，因而使得香烟总价格上涨，所以销量下降；反之，若是税前价的下降多于税的上涨，总价格降低，则销量可能下降，从而削弱命题。
E.税后价一上涨，税前价也上涨。这是说税前价与税后价，无关
199800x
P:TAX涨 和 SALES跌的多 c:税后价 和 SALES 和有关 需要搭桥，在 TAX 和 税后价 之间 A 税前价和tax关系，排 B 不需要sales C 同A D 取非=[税前价1]-[税前价2]>8 cent ，那么 [税后价2]=[税前价2]+8 cent< [税前价1] ，税后价降低只能导致销量上升，不能解释销量下降 削弱正确 E 税后价和税前价的关系
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2021-08-23 23:02:51
313547j
Sales 指的是销售量，还是销售额？ 我平时遇到的sales，都指的是销售额，也就是单价x销售量
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2020-07-16 15:34:31
cynic88
after-tax price税后价=pretax price + tax 要证明的是销量与税后价相关，其实就是要证明加税这一行为对销量的影响。D就是排除了厂商自己大幅降低税前价这一行为。因为如果税前价降低的幅度抵消了税（8%），那么税后价持平或低于加税前，无法证明是税对销量下滑产生了影响。
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2019-09-17 18:01:45
616943zuk回复cynic88
排除他因 不是pre-tax本身下降导致的销量减少
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2022-08-31 23:13:13
babyweezy
D选项讲的是税前价格没有降8个点以上，导致最终价格还是上涨至少1个点。
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2019-09-06 22:58:11
月冷隐
假设涨税前为第一年，涨税后为第二年。D取非，第二年不含税价格比第一年至少低8%。暗示抵消涨税，总价格比第一年只低不高，那销量的减少就不是涨税引起的，削弱。所以原命题就是加强，加强的就是前提。A的干扰性很强，如果只说during the year following the tax increase, pretax price did not increase，第二年没涨价，这个也是加强，但是问题就出在还有后半句did not increase by as much as it had during the year prior to the tax increase. 命题的重心变成：第二年涨价了，只是没有前一年涨价多。第一年涨没涨价我们不关心，我们只知道第二年涨价了，所以引起销量减少的原因就有两个：涨税和涨价，对原文结论削弱就不是前提。
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2019-06-20 01:28:54
胡鑫颖
原文的逻辑链是税率提高了使税后价格提高，从而销量减少了百分之8。然后提出了一个支持的结论说去年的税率没涨然后销量只下降了百分之1. D意思就是说，涨税率之前的价格本来就比去年的价格低大于百分之8，因此就算是张乐税率，或许税后价格还是比去年的价格低。直接削弱了结论。
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2018-12-03 17:02:13
于小跳
这道题中作者的前提和结论中有个gap，前提说的是tax增加了8 cent，而结论中说的是after tax的价格上涨，说明作者默认了tax增加会导致after tax的价格的上涨，但是实际上price（after tax）=tax + price（pre tax），所以D选项取非削弱即证明了这个gap；而A选项，取非削弱得到pre tax增加了，加强了结论，after tax一定会增加。
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2018-11-11 20:01:15
tessie320
这里的税后价=税前价+税，其实是含税价
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2018-06-11 12:40:23
braybray
其他几个解释都太绕了 D的意思就是说 税前价不变的情况下 税后价格变了 引起了销量的下跌 这样的逻辑链才能证明 销量和税后价格强相关 否则很有可能是商家自己提了税前价格
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2018-05-03 19:45:30
糖糖要加油
没懂。。脑子要炸了。。。（哭唧唧）
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2018-01-19 15:34:58
過閔兒
一個現象是加稅，另一現象是香菸銷售下降。 但是這兩現象之間不必然有因果關係。 現在題目認定兩者之間是因果關係，那麼就必須補充必要條件。 D的意思是加稅前一包菸賣一塊錢， 但是假若次年稅前價菸商主動先降到92cents， 那麼加了8cents的稅不是又回到一塊錢？ 若是如此，那麼加稅就不是銷售下降的原因。 所以D的意思是次年的稅前價(pre-tax price)不能少於92 cents， 那麼一加稅，稅後價就超過一塊錢， 比前一年貴了，所以銷售下降， 兩者的因果關係就獲得確立。
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2018-01-01 15:15:34
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