Two modes of argumentation have been used on behalf of women's emancipation in Western societies. Arguments in what could be called the"relational"feminist tradition maintain the doctrine of"equality in difference"or equity as distinct from equality. They posit that biological distinctions between the sexes result in a necessary sexual division of labor in the family and throughout society and that women's pro-creative labor is currently undervalued by society, to the disadvantage of women. By contrast, the individualist feminist tradition emphasizes individual human rights and celebrates women's quest for personal autonomy, while downplaying the importance of gender roles and minimizing discussion of childbearing and its attendant responsibilities.Before the late nineteenth century, these views coexisted within the feminist movement, often within the writings of the same individual. Between 1890 and 1920, however, relational feminism, which had been the dominant strain in feminist thought, and which still predominates among European and non Western feminists, lost ground in England and the United States. Because the concept of individual rights was already well established in the Anglo-Saxon legal and political tradition, individualist feminism came to predominate in English-speaking countries. At the same time, the goals of the two approaches began to seem increasingly irreconcilable. Individualist feminists began to advocate a totally gender-blind system with equal rights for a11. Relational feminists, while agreeing that equal educational and economic opportunities outside the home should be available for a11 women, continued to emphasize women's special contributions to society as homemakers and mothers；they demanded special treatment for women, including protective legislation for women workers, state-sponsored maternity benefits, and paid compensation for housework.Relational arguments have a major pitfall：because they underline women's physiological and psychological distinctiveness, they are often appropriated by political adversaries and used to endorse male privilege. But the individualist approach, by attacking gender roles, denying the significance of physiological difference, and condemning existing familial institutions as hopelessly patriarchal, has often simply treated as irrelevant the family roles important to many women. If the individualist framework, with its claim for women's autonomy, could be harmonized with the family-oriented concerns of relational feminists, a more fruitful model for contemporary feminist politics could emerge.
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Relational arguments have a major pitfall陷阱：because they underline women's physiological and psychological distinctiveness, they are often appropriated by political adversaries and used to endorse male privilege. relational argument有一个很大的陷阱就是因为他们低估女性生理心理上的区别，它们经常被政治反对派利用来支持男性的权利 C A consensus concerning the direction of future feminist politics will probably soon emerge, given the awareness among feminists of the need for cooperation among women.后半句有问题，说由于能意识女性之间合作的需求，文章没有提到，定位在文章最后 If the individualist framework, with its claim for women's autonomy, could be harmonized with the family-oriented concerns of relational feminists, a more fruitful model for contemporary feminist politics could emerge.文章说的是individual framework声称女性自主，如果能够融合family oriented rational feminist，一个现代化的feminist politics就会诞生 D Political adversaries of feminism often misuse arguments predicated on differences between the sexes to argue that the existing social system should be maintained. E Relational feminism provides the best theoretical framework for contemporary feminist politics, but individualist feminism could contribute much toward refining and strengthening modern feminist thought.
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2019-02-17 10:35:25
Kath1230回复Kath1230
D说的就是relational arguments的那个pitfall陷阱 E错误是文章没有提过relational是theoretical
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2019-02-17 10:36:35
作者观点是如果两者相互参考，更好的理论会产生。C里是两派互相参考并且诞生新的流派的原因是女权意识到对于合作的一种需求，与原文相悖
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2019-01-12 18:34:34
C选项后半部分的given the awareness among feminists of the need for cooperation among women.是无中生有
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2018-09-25 12:21:27
Relational arguments have a major pitfall：because they underline women's physiological and psychological distinctiveness, they are often appropriated by political adversaries and used to endorse male privilege.
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2018-08-27 10:25:59
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