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It was once believed that the brain was independent of metabolic processes occurring elsewhere in the body. In recent studies, however, we have discovered that the production and release in brain neurons of the neurotransmitter serotonin (neurotransmitters are compounds that neurons use to transmit signals to other cells) depend directly on the food that the body processes.
Our first studies sought to determine whether the increase in serotonin observed in rats given a large injection of the amino acid tryptophan might also occur after rats ate meals that change tryptophan levels in the blood. We found that, immediately after the rats began to eat, parallel elevations occurred in blood tryptophan, brain tryptophan, and brain serotonin levels. These findings suggested that the production and release of serotonin in brain neurons were normally coupled with blood-tryptophan increases. In later studies we found that injecting insulin into a rat’s bloodstream also caused parallel elevations in blood and brain tryptophan levels and in serotonin levels. We then decided to see whether the secretion of the animal’s own insulin similarly affected serotonin production. We gave the rats a carbohydrate-containing meal that we knew would elicit insulin secretion. As we had hypothesized, the blood tryptophan level and the concentrations of tryptophan and of serotonin in the brain increased after the meal.
Surprisingly, however, when we added a large amount of protein to the meal, brain tryptophan and serotonin levels fell.Since protein contains tryptophan, why should it depress brain tryptophan levels? The answer lies in the mechanism that provides blood tryptophan to the brain cells. This same mechanism also provides the brain cells with other amino acids found in protein, such as tyrosine and leucine. The consumption of protein increases blood concentration of the other amino acids much more, proportionately, than it does that of tryptophan. The more protein is in a meal, the lower is the ratio of the resulting blood-tryptophan concentration to the concentration of competing amino acids, and the more slowly is tryptophan provided to the brain. Thus the more protein in a meal, the less serotonin subsequently produced and released.
According to the passage, the speed with which tryptophan is provided to the brain cells of a rat varies with the
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文章第44行谈及了T物质的提供速度。由此处信息可知：影响T物质的提供速度的源头是The more protein is in a meal，即食物中蛋白质的数量可以影响血液中T物质相对其他氨基酸的浓度，T物质向大脑的提供也会随之变慢
A正确，符合文章意思
B错误，与“S物质的浓度无关”
C错误，与“L物质”无关
D错误，与“大脑中的T物质浓度”无关，应为“血液中的T物质的浓度”
E错误，文章第一段曾经提及，但与本题无关
定位最后一段后几行：The more protein is in a meal, the lower is the ratio of the resulting blood-tryptophan concentration to the concentration of competing amino acids, and the more slowly is tryptophan provided to the brain.
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2018-09-04 16:08:28
细心看懂，每一句
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2018-04-19 06:44:09
默默回复默默
在开头段的末句
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2018-04-19 06:45:05
默默回复默默
实验结论讨论重点
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2018-04-19 06:47:54
默默回复默默
错了，在段落的开头说明
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2018-04-19 06:55:19
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