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In the two decades between 1910 and 1930, more than ten percent of the black population of the United States left the South, where the preponderance of the black population had been located, and migrated to northern states, with the largest number moving, it is claimed, between 1916 and 1918. It has been frequently assumed, but not proved, that the majority of the migrants in what has come to be called the Great Migration came from rural areas and were motivated by two concurrent factors: the collapse of the cotton industry following the boll weevil infestation, which began in 1898, and increased demand in the North for labor following the cessation of European immigration caused by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. This assumption has led to the conclusion that the migrants’ subsequent lack of economic mobility in the North is tied to rural background, a background that implies unfamiliarity with urban living and a lack of industrial skills.But the question of who actually left the South has never been rigorously investigated. Although numerous investigations document an exodus from rural southern areas to southern cities prior to the Great Migration, no one has considered whether the same migrants then moved on to northern cities. In 1910 more than 600,000 black workers, or ten percent of the black workforce, reported themselves to be engaged in "manufacturing and mechanical pursuits," the federal census category roughly encompassing the entire industrial sector. The Great Migration could easily have been made up entirely of this group and their families. It is perhaps surprising to argue that an employed population could be enticed to move, but an explanation lies in the labor conditions then prevalent in the South.
About thirty-five percent of the urban black population in the South was engaged in skilled trades. Some were from the old artisan class of slavery—blacksmiths, masons, carpenters—which had had a monopoly of certain trades, but they were gradually being pushed out by competition, mechanization, and obsolescence. The remaining sixty-five percent, more recently urbanized, worked in newly developed industries—tobacco, lumber, coal and iron manufacture, and railroads. Wages in the South, however, were low, and black workers were aware, through labor recruiters and the black press, that they could earn more even as unskilled workers in the North than they could as artisans in the South. After the boll weevil infestation, urban black workers faced competition from the continuing influx of both black and white rural workers, who were driven to undercut the wages formerly paid for industrial jobs. Thus, a move north would be seen as advantageous to a group that was already urbanized and steadily employed, and the easy conclusion tying their subsequent economic problems in the North to their rural background comes into question.
The author indicates explicitly that which of the following records has been a source of information in her investigation?
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暂无雷哥网文字解析
A错误，文中没有“1914-1930”这个时间段
B错误，文章未提及payrolls
C文中未提及棉花出口量
D正确，通过1910定位到文中27行
E错误，文章未提及“1910年后的广告”
preponderance优势；占大多数 concurrent同时发生的 boll weevil infestation棉籽橡皮虫害--南方种植园的灾害 cessation终止 exodus出口；大批离去 manufacturing and mechanical pursuits制造和机械追求 encompass包含 entice诱惑 blacksmiths铁匠 obsolescence过时
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2020-11-16 20:26:34
第二段开头就有 investigated investifation的标志词，定位在第二段，开始寻找“能够准确作为信息来源”的句子，就看到中间（在1910，超过六十万黑人工人，或百分之十的黑人人口报道他们自身参与了“制作与制造职业”，联邦人口调查census分类粗略地包含了完整的工业板块）说明1910的census是有可靠来源的。 而其他选项在文章中经常会看到有否定词来否定他的可靠性，排除
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2019-04-05 15:22:11
细节题。。总是抓不住
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2016-11-02 16:57:57
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