Two recent publications offer different assessments of the career of the famous British nurse Florence Nightingale. A book by Anne Summers seeks to debunk the idealizations and present a reality at odds with Nightingale's heroic reputation. According to Summers, Nightingale's importance during the Crimean War has been exaggerated: not until near the war's end did she become supervisor of the female nurses. Additionally, Summers writes that the contribution of the nurses to the relief of the wounded was at best marginal. The prevailing problems of military medicine were caused by army organizational practices, and the addition of a few nurses to the medical staff could be no more than symbolic. Nightingale’s place in the national pantheon, Summers asserts, is largely due to the propagandistic efforts of contemporary newspaper reporters.
By contrast, the editors of a new volume of Nightingale's letters view Nightingale as a person who significantly influenced not only her own age but also subsequent generations. They highlight her ongoing efforts to reform sanitary conditions after the war. For example, when she learned that peacetime living conditions in British barracks were so horrible that the death rate of enlisted men far exceeded that of neighboring civilian populations, she succeeded in persuading the government to establish a Royal Commission on the Health of the Army. She used sums raised through public contributions to found a nurses’ training hospital in London. Even in administrative matters, the editors assert, her practical intelligence was formidable: as recently as 1947 the British Army's medical services were still using the cost-accounting system she had devised in the 1860's.
I believe that the evidence of her letters supports continued respect for Nightingale's brilliance and creativity. When counseling a village schoolmaster to encourage children to use their faculties of observation, she sounds like a modern educator. Her insistence on classifying the problems of the needy in order to devise appropriate treatments is similar to the approach of modern social workers. In sum, although Nightingale may not have achieved all of her goals during the Crimean War, her breadth of vision and ability to realize ambitious projects have earned her an eminent place among the ranks of social pioneers.
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1. Two recent publications offer different assessments of the career of the famous British nurse
Florence Nightingale. A book by Anne Summers...
1. 两本书不同评价-关于南丁格尔职业生涯，一本是AS的.
(1)seeks to debunk the idealizations and present a reality at odds with Nightingale's heroic reputation. According to Summers, Nightingale's importance during the Crimean War has been exaggerated: not until near the war's end did she become supervisor of the female nurses.
(1) AS认为南丁格尔的英雄形象是跟现实不一致的---她在crimean war期间的贡献被夸大...
(2)Additionally, Summers writes that the contribution of the nurses to the relief of the wounded was at best marginal. The prevailing problems of military medicine were caused by army organizational practices, and the addition of a few nurses to the medical staff could be no more than symbolic.
(2)此外：护士的贡献也被夸大...
(3)Nightingale’s place in the national pantheon, Summers asserts, is largely due to the
propagandistic efforts of contemporary newspaper reporters.
(3)南丁格尔的名声都是基于当代报纸的宣传...
2. By contrast, the editors of a new volume of Nightingale's letters view Nightingale as a person
who significantly influenced not only her own age but also subsequent generations.
2. 对比而言：ED认为南丁格尔不仅影响了他的时代还影响了后代。
(1)They highlight her ongoing efforts to reform sanitary conditions after the war. For example, when she learned that peacetime living conditions in British barracks were so horrible that the
death rate of enlisted men far exceeded that of neighboring civilian populations, she
succeeded in persuading the government to establish a Royal Commission on the Health of
the Army.
(1)ED们强调了战后南丁格尔在改革医疗卫生条件上持续的贡献（举例：成功劝服政府建立RC.）
(2)She used sums raised through public contributions to found a nurses’ training
hospital in London.
(2)用捐赠物质建立了护士训练营
(3)Even in administrative matters, the editors assert, her practical intelligence was formidable: as recently as 1947 the British Army's medical services were still using the cost-accounting system she had devised in the 1860's.
(3)他1860年发明的cost-accounting system,1947年英国军队还在用。
3.I believe that the evidence of her letters supports continued respect for Nightingale's brilliance and creativity.
3.作者认为南丁格尔的信的证据不仅支持了持续的尊重...
(1)When counseling a village schoolmaster to encourage children to use their faculties of observation, she sounds like a modern educator.
(1)schoolmaster 认为他是一个modern educator.
(2) Her insistence on classifying the problems of the needy in order to devise appropriate treatments is similar to the approach of modern social workers.
(2)他坚持问题以需求分类，跟modern workers相似。
4. In sum, although Nightingale may not have achieved all of her goals during the Crimean War, her breadth of vision and ability to realize ambitious projects have earned her an eminent place among the ranks of social pioneers.
4. 总结而言：南丁格尔虽然没有实现所有目标，但是他广泛视角还是值得赢得一席之位。
主旨题，最后一段都是作者的观点，看结构即可
A.summarizing the arguments（作者并没有summarizing别人的点，都是表达自己的观点）
B. refuting the view （没有反驳）
C. analyzing the weaknesses （没有Weaknesses）
D. citing evidence to support a view of Nightingale’s career（第三段结构的转化）
E. correcting a factual error(没有改正什么错误)
The author begins the last paragraph in the first person, I believe, in order to take a position on Nightingale’s historical significance. With one concession to Summers’ work, the author uses the letters as evidence of Nightingale’s extraordinary abilities. The author believes that Nightingale’s work has earned her a respected place in history. A Beginning with I believe shows that the author intends to do more than simply summarize. B The author largely supports the view of Nightingale presented in the second paragraph. C The last paragraph does analyze weak evidence, but its purpose is to state a position. D Correct. The author cites evidence in Nightingale’s letters and actions that support a highly favorable view of her career. E No such correction appears in the final paragraph. The correct answer is D.
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2021-06-19 14:49:59
没有summarize，summarize是客观的总结，这个结尾里作者都是主观观点，并且引用了village schoolmaster等等evidence
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2018-05-07 10:29:35
presented in the preceding paragraph the opinion of author presented by himself
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2017-02-26 16:25:30
最后一段是作者又举了一些例子在说明她自己的观点。
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2017-01-17 15:46:13
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