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A recent study has provided clues to predator-prey dynamics in the late Pleistocene era. Researchers compared the number of tooth fractures in present-day carnivores with tooth fractures in carnivores that lived 36,000 to 10,000 years ago and that were preserved in the Rancho La Brea tar pits in Los Angeles. The breakage frequencies in the extinct species were strikingly higher than those in the present-day species.

In considering possible explanations for this finding, the researchers dismissed demographic bias because older individuals were not overrepresented in the fossil samples. They rejected preservational bias because a total absence of breakage in two extinct species demonstrated that the fractures were not the result of abrasion within the pits. They ruled out local bias because breakage data obtained from other Pleistocene sites were similar to the La Brea data. The explanation they consider most plausible is behavioral differences between extinct and present-day carnivores--in particular, more contact between the teeth of predators and the bones of prey due to more thorough consumption of carcasses by the extinct species. Such thorough carcass consumption implies to the researchers either that prey availability was low, at least seasonally, or that there was intense competition over kills and a high rate of carcass theft due to relatively high predator densities.

The primary purpose of the passage is to

A

present several explanations for a well-known fact 分析A选项
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B

suggest alternative methods for resolving a debate 分析B选项
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C

argue in favor of a controversial theory 分析C选项
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D

question the methodology used in a study 分析D选项
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E

discuss the implications of a research finding 分析E选项
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当前版本由 bella 更新于2015-11-02 14:23:09 感谢由 bella 对此题目的解答所做出的贡献。

(A)展示出对于一个众所周知的事实的几个解释。首先，即便是第一段的研究发现可以算作是一个“众所周知的事实”，作者的目的也不是展示那几个“bias”。
(B)提出解决一个争论的其他方法。这个选项比较有迷惑性。作者确实是想提出一个自己的原因来解读一个“发现”。但是作者不是要说明怎么解决这些“bais”的方法。而是提出自己对一个研究发现的解读。
(C)支持一个有争议的原理。作者并没有支持哪个原理，而是提出自己对一个问题的解读。
(D)质疑在一个在研究中应用的方法。文中没有提到研究中应用了什么方法。
(E)Correct. 讨论一个研究发现的含义。作者的目的是驳斥其他的对与这项发现的解读而提出自己对这项发现的解释。

题目讨论（9条评论）

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小良冠二郎

错选a。其实discuss比present更好。

0 0 回复 2023-03-17 14:32:25
Duncan

有關獵食者與獵物的研究比較古今食肉動物的牙齒磨損程度，古>今。研究排除三種誤差並解釋原因。一、人口誤差: 樣本具代表性，別擔心。二、保存誤差: 不會有後天的影響，保存良好。三、地緣誤差: 同時代兩地結果一樣。合理解釋為古今獵食者的行為差異，古代傾向吃乾淨(不吐骨頭)，原因有二。一、獵物少二、競爭激烈

0 0 回复 2022-04-15 16:50:58
159144t

A 选项错在well known ，这个fact 并不well known。 E选项，与原文对应，最后一句：Such thorough carcass consumption 【implies】 to the researchers either that prey availability was low, at least seasonally, or that there was intense competition over kills and a high rate of carcass theft due to relatively high predator densities.

0 1 回复 2019-08-31 10:15:56
Kath1230

作者后面是反对前面的说法的所以不是explanation

0 0 回复 2019-01-25 00:19:05

我要吃720斤鸡

implications： the CONCLUSION that can be drawn from something, although it is not explicitly stated.
discuss可以同时包含讨论他人看法提出自己看法
present不包含作者主观的判断---plausible--一定是作者判断。
文章的主旨重点放在作者支持的结论前后
这篇文章的重点不是陈列几个可能的解释，而是作者在讨论一个可能解释后的implications
A well-known表述错误---strikingly higher

take-away：
1/注意选项中的形容词是否符合原文描述
2/注意present只是陈述，一定没有作者观点倾向
3/好坏对错同不同意都是作者观点，转折新观点一般默认作者观点
4/discuss中可以有别人和作者观点
5/主旨一定放在有作者讨论的地方--前面大片的讨论只是为了支持作者的观点
6/implications可以理解为conclusion

0 回复 2018-12-01 15:16:14

Gmat小镊子

文章实际上就是讨论第一段最后一句话，为何灭绝物种的牙齿断裂比现在物种的严重。

0 0 回复 2018-09-26 21:41:02
Johnny97

implication其实和ecplanation是一样的

1 0 回复 2017-11-01 21:40:15
见过夏天去非洲拍动物世界

A错了，全文只有一个解释，前面几个都否定了。作者列举只是为了推理反驳，这是一个discuss的过程。

0 0 回复 2017-01-09 12:23:40
LIDANYU

A.全文可能的解释只有一个：difference between species of extinct and present carnivore
B.文中没有提出debate争论，也只用了一种方法：teeth fracture numbers
C.没有争议
D.文中没有质疑

0 0 回复 2016-04-09 17:02:40